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Articulated trolleybuses of the Hungarian type Ikarus 280.93



The articulated trolleybuses of the Hungarian type Ikarus 280.93 were manufactured by Ikarus in Budapest/Hungary. The GANZ factories Budapest/Hungary supplied the electrical equipment of the trolleybuses.

The trolleybus is a three-axle vehicle. The A (first) and C (third) axles steer, and the vehicle is propelled by the B (second) axle.

The vehicle has 4 doors. The doors are electrical-pneumatically actuated. For security, when the doors are closed 4 door control lights light up. The doors are opened and closed by the driver.

Now a few technical data:
Vehicle length 16500 mm
Vehicle length with current collectors 17815 mm
Vehicle width 2500 mm
Vehicle height 3250 mm
Vehicle weight unloaded 13950 kg
Admissible total vehicle weight 23860 kg
Axle load in front 6600 kg
Axle load centre 17260 kg
Axle load in the back 6600 kg

The trolleybus is equipped with a 600 V-high voltage system as well as a 24 V-low voltage system that every other commercial motor vehicle also has.

The vehicle is propelled by an electric motor with 196 kW performance by 2300 rpm. The electrical driving motor is designed for a nominal voltage of 600 V direct current. The electric motor receives the driving power over 2 current collectors from the overhead lines system. The right-sided current collector must always be in contact with the negative wire, and the left-sided current collector must always be in contact with the positive wire. The current collectors are attached on a framework on the trailer roof. This arrangement allows the trolleybus to drive (during parallel travel) up to 4,5 m to either side of the overhead lines.

The driving motor is controlled via a direct current chopper. The direct current chopper is an electronic system, which enables an infinitely variable (pulse width) application of the voltage to the driving motor. It sends the voltage of the overhead line with a lasting frequency impulse-like to the drive motor. If the width of the impulses are modified, the voltage of the drive motor can be infinitely variable regulated. The inserted direct current chopper has several functions. Except the regulation of the armature current of the drive motor at large rate also the reduction of the energizing current is made by a thyristor (so-called field attenuation). The vehicle use the common thyristor type impulse control. The circuit is executed in such a way that when braking the drive motor operates as generator and back-feeds electricity into the overhead line. The vehicle has also a partial or full power regeneration during electrodynamic braking.

The vehicle achieves a maximum speed of 65 km/h.

The tire size 11.00-20 16 PR or 11.00R20 16 PR is used.

The vehicle has 36 seats inclusively driver's seat and the maximum number of passenger related to the vehicle useful area is 110.

The vehicle has an electrical auxiliary engine. This propels the compressor, the hydraulic pump of the guidance assistance as well as the 24 V-generator.

The vehicle is equipped with air cushions. There are 2 air cushions at A- and C-axles, and 4 air cushions at B-axle. The air cushions are adjusted to 350-mm +/-10 mm between roadway and car lower edge.

In the comparison with the ÖAF-Gräf & Stift NGE 152 the Ikarus 280.93 has pro and cons, however in the direct comparison does not necessarily fare badly.

Advantages:

- guidance assistance also functions while stationary

- pneumatic cushions cushioning also strong roadway unevenness softly

- very agilely due to the guided C-axle

- driver sits high over the roadway and has thereby better vision

- vehicle very durable, small susceptibility to interference

- vehicle has few seats to seat the passengers more comfortably

Disadvantages:

- door closing mechanism does not have security to prevent the passenger from being gripped when getting on or off (if the driver overlooks a passenger, that is very fatal)

- driver must open and close doors

- the ventilation and blowers for heating are very noisy

- no auxiliary engine, when the current supply is interrupted the vehicle fails

- when driving along curves the trailer swings out strongly

- the floor very high and to achieve over three levels (for older passengers difficult stepping in and out)

- drive motor relatively loud

Articulated trolleybuses
of the Hungarian type Ikarus 280.93

Articulated trolleybuses of the Hungarian type Ikarus 280.93